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[Linux][CentOS 5.5] 2.RAID 建立與格式化
作者：game2002│2011-02-21 14:16:56│巴幣：0│人氣：1387
2. RAID 建立與格式化
練習這段的時候，千萬不要在本機（自己的電腦主系統）上練習，
以免一個失手造成系統無法正常開機。請用虛擬機器練習。
1. 觀看分割區資訊。
[root@station8 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda -l
Disk /dev/sda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 25 200781 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 26 286 2096482+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 287 350 514080 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 351 522 1381590 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 351 401 409626 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 402 414 104391 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda7 415 427 104391 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda8 428 440 104391 82 Linux swap / Solaris
上面的標籤資訊寫 Linux raid autodetect 就表示已經是 raid 的分割區了。
因為一個raid 至少要2 個分割區來組成，以上面的例子，sda6與sda7共組成一個 raid 分割區。
2. 新建分割區sda9與sda10。(不會新建分割區的話，請參考 我的小屋的 [RHCT] 1.建立實體分割區與格式化的文章。)
[root@station8 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda -l
Disk /dev/sda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 25 200781 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 26 286 2096482+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 287 350 514080 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 351 522 1381590 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 351 401 409626 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 402 414 104391 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda7 415 427 104391 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda8 428 440 104391 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9 441 472 257008+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda10 473 504 257008+ 83 Linux
3. 替分割區sda9與sda10命名為 Linux raid autodetect
[root@station8 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Command (m for help): t (輸入t 以命名標籤)
Partition number (1-10): 9 （選擇分割區sda9）
Hex code (type L to list codes): L (輸入L 顯示list)
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix bf Solaris
1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ee EFI GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto （可以看到Linux raid autodetect 的代號是fd）
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd (輸入fd)
Changed system type of partition 9 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): w (輸入w 寫入)
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 裝置或系統資源忙碌中.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
(記得做完後還要再做一次，因為還有sda10分割區要命名。)
4. 記得更新資訊給核心。
[root@station8 ~]# partprobe
5. 新建一個RAID裝置，為RAID1 ，名為 /dev/md1 ，並且由sda9 與 sda10 組成。
(這邊是重點中的重點，會不會過就看這邊。)
[root@station8 ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda{9,10}
（-C /dev/md1 是新裝置的名稱，-l 1 是設定此RAID的等級為RAID1 ，
-n 2 是由2個分割區組成，由/dev/sda{9,10}兩個分割區組成。 ）
mdadm: /dev/sda9 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
size=104320K mtime=Mon Feb 14 17:11:42 2011
mdadm: /dev/sda9 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=2 ctime=Mon Feb 14 15:26:55 2011
mdadm: /dev/sda10 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
size=104320K mtime=Mon Feb 14 17:11:42 2011
mdadm: /dev/sda10 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=2 ctime=Mon Feb 14 15:26:55 2011
Continue creating array? (y/n) y ( 輸入y )
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started. ( 顯示已經完成並啟動。)
6. 完成後要使用當然要格式化，使用mkfs 指令來格式化。
[root@station8 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
26104 inodes, 104320 blocks
5216 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
13 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2008 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
7. 將 /dev/md1 掛載到 /data 底下。
[root@station8 ~]# mkdir /data (先建立/data目錄)
[root@station8 ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/md1 /data (掛載)
[root@station8 ~]# mount (檢查是否有掛載上去)
/dev/sda5 on / type ext3 (rw,acl)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda3 on /var type ext3 (rw)
/dev/sda2 on /usr type ext3 (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda13 on /opt/newapp type ext3 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
/dev/md1 on /data type ext3 (rw) ( 有掛載上去！)
確認系統的RAID裝置：
[root@station8 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md
md0 md1 md2
---------------------------------------------------------------------
至此就完成，重點是mdadm的指令與參數設定。
如果題目要求開機後自動掛載，就把mount 中的 /dev/md1 on /data type ext3 (rw) 寫入
/etc/fstab中即可。並且使用 mount -o remount /dev/md1 /data 進行檢查，
沒有錯誤才能重開機。
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